Sir John Alexander Macdonald Canadian Prime Minister Steel Hub Die Master for Sale

Sir John Alexander Macdonald Canadian Prime Minister Steel Hub Die Master For Sale

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Sir John Alexander Macdonald Canadian Prime Minister Steel Hub Die Master:
$175.00

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John A. Macdonald

Sir John Alexander Macdonald[a] GCB PC QC (January 10 or 11, 1815[b] – June 6, 1891) was the first prime minister of Canada, serving from 1867 to 1873 and from 1878 to 1891. He was the dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, and had a political career that spanned almost half a century.

The Right Honourable Sir

John A. Macdonald

GCB PC QC

Photograph of Macdonald circa 1875 by George Lancefield.

Macdonald, c. 1875

1st Prime Minister of Canada

In office

October 17, 1878 – June 6, General

The Earl of Dufferin

Marquess of Lorne

The Marquess of Lansdowne

The Lord Stanley of Preston

Preceded by

Alexander Mackenzie

Succeeded by

John Abbott

In office

July 1, 1867 – November 5, General

The Viscount Monck

The Lord Lisgar

The Earl of Dufferin

Preceded by

Office established

Succeeded by

Alexander Mackenzie

Leader of the Conservative Party

In office

July 1, 1867 – June 6, 1891

Preceded by

Position established

Succeeded by

John Abbott

Member of the House of Commons of Canada

In office

1867 – June 6, 1891

Joint-Premier of the Province of Canada

In office

May 30, 1864 – June 30, by

John Sandfield Macdonald

Succeeded by

Position abolished

In office

August 6, 1858 – May 24, by

George Brown

Succeeded by

John Sandfield Macdonald

In office

May 24, 1856 – August 2, by

Allan MacNab

Succeeded by

George Brown

Personal details

Born

John Alexander Mcdonald[a]

January 10 or 11, 1815[b]

Glasgow, Scotland

Died

June 6, 1891 (aged 76)

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Resting place

Cataraqui Cemetery

Political party

Conservative

Other Canada Tory (1843–1867)

Great Coalition Clark

(m. 1843; died 1857)

Agnes Bernard (m. 1867)

Children

3, including Hugh John />

Nicknames

"Old Tomorrow""The Old Chieftain"

Military service

Allegiance

Province of Upper militia

Years of Bank Guard

3rd Frontenac Militia Regiment

Battles/wars

Upper Canada Rebellion

Battle of Montgomery's Tavern

Cabinet offices held

Attorney General of Canada West (1854–1862, 1864–1867)

Minister of Militia and Defence for the Province of Canada (1860–1867)

Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada (1867–1873)

Minister of the Interior (1878–1883, 1888)

Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs (1878–1887, 1888)

President of the Privy Council (1883–1889)

Minister of Railways and Canals (1889–1891)

Leadership offices held

Leader of the Conservative Party of Upper Canada (1858–1867)

Leader of the Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1891)

Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition (1873–1878)

Parliamentary offices held

Member of the Parliament of the Province of Canada (1843–1867)

Member of the Parliament of Canada for Kingston (1867–1878, 1887–1891)

Member of the Canadian Parliament for Marquette (1878)

Member of the Canadian Parliament for Victoria (1878–1882)

Member of the Canadian Parliament for Lennox (1882)

Member of the Canadian Parliament for Carleton (1882–1887)

Macdonald was born in Scotland; when he was a boy his family immigrated to Kingston in the Province of Upper Canada (today in eastern Ontario). As a lawyer, he was involved in several high-profile cases and quickly became prominent in Kingston, which elected him in 1844 to the legislature of the Province of Canada. By 1857, he had become premier under the colony's unstable political system. In 1864, when no party proved capable of governing for long, Macdonald agreed to a proposal from his political rival, George Brown, that the parties unite in a Great Coalition to seek federation and political reform. Macdonald was the leading figure in the subsequent discussions and conferences, which resulted in the British North America Act and the establishment of Canada as a nation on July 1, 1867.

Macdonald was the first prime minister of the new nation, and served 19 years; only William Lyon Mackenzie King has served longer. In his first term, Macdonald established the North-West Mounted Police and expanded Canada by annexing the North-Western Territory, Rupert's Land, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island. In 1873, he resigned from office over a scandal in which his party took bribes from businessmen seeking the contract to build the Canadian Pacific Railway. However, he was re-elected in 1878. Macdonald's greatest achievements were building and guiding a successful national government for the new Dominion, using patronage to forge a strong Conservative Party, promoting the protective tariff of the National Policy, and completing the railway. He fought to block provincial efforts to take power back from the national government in Ottawa. He approved the execution of Métis leader Louis Riel for treason in 1885 which alienated many francophones from his Conservative Party. He continued as prime minister until his death in 1891. He remains the oldest prime minister in Canadian history.

In the 21st century, Macdonald has come under criticism for his role in the Chinese Head Tax and federal policies towards Indigenous peoples, including his actions during the North-West Rebellion that resulted in Riel's execution, and the development of the residential school system designed to assimilate Indigenous children. Macdonald, however, remains respected for his key role in the formation of Canada. Historical rankings in surveys of experts in Canadian political history have consistently placed Macdonald as one of the highest-rated prime ministers in Canadian history