RARE "Nobel Prize in Medicine" César Milstein Hand Signed FDC Dated 1964 For Sale

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RARE "Nobel Prize in Medicine" César Milstein Hand Signed FDC Dated 1964:
$499.99

Up for sale a RARE! "Nobel Prize in Medicine" César Milstein FDC Dated 1964.

ES-660A

César Milstein, CH, FRS

(8 October 1927 – 24 March 2002) was an Argentinian

biochemist in the field of antibody research. Milstein shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

in 1984 with Niels Kaj Jerne and Georges J. F. Köhler.  Milstein

was born in Bahía Blanca, Argentina. His parents were

Máxima (Vapniarsky) and Lázaro Milstein, a Jewish

Ukrainian immigrant. He graduated from the University of Buenos Aires and obtained a

PhD under Professor Stoppani (Professor of Biochemistry).

Thereafter he was a member of the Medical Research Council Laboratory of

Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England, and held dual Argentine and British

citizenship. In 1956 he received an award from the Sociedad

Bioquímica Argentina for his work on kinetic

studies with the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase. In 1958, funded by the British

Council, he joined the Biochemistry

Department at the University of Cambridge at Darwin College to work for a PhD under Malcolm Dixon

on the mechanism of metal activation of the enzyme phosphoglucomutase. During this work he

collaborated with Frederick Sanger whose group he joined with a short-term Medical Research Council appointment. The major part of Milstein's

research career was devoted to studying the structure of antibodies and the

mechanism by which antibody diversity is generated. It was as part of this

quest that in 1975 he, together with Georges

Köhler (a postdoctoral fellow in his laboratory), developed the hybridoma

technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies—a discovery

recognised by the award of the 1984 Nobel Prize for Physiology or

Medicine. This discovery led to an enormous expansion in the

exploitation of antibodies in science and medicine. Milstein himself made many

major contributions to improvements and developments in monoclonal antibody

technology—especially focusing on the use of monoclonal antibodies to provide markers

that allow distinction between different cell types. In collaboration with

Claudio Cuello, Milstein helped lay the foundation for the use of monoclonal

antibodies as probes for the investigation of the pathological pathways in

neurological disorders as well as many other diseases. Milstein and Cuello's

work also enabled the use of monoclonal antibodies to enhance the power of

immuno-based diagnostic tests. In addition Milstein foresaw the potential

wealth of ligand-binding reagents that could result from applying recombinant DNA technology to monoclonal

antibodies and inspired the development of the field of antibody engineering

which was to lead to safer and more powerful monoclonal antibodies for use as

therapeutics. Milstein's early work on antibodies focused on the nature of

their diversity at the amino acid level as well as on the disulphide bonds by

which they were held together. Part of this work was done in collaboration with

his wife, Celia. The emphasis of his research then shifted towards the mRNA

encoding antibodies where he was able to provide the first evidence for the

existence of a precursor for these secreted polypeptides

that contained a signal sequence. The development of the hybridoma

technology coupled to advances in nucleic acid sequencing then allowed Milstein

to chart the changes that occurred in antibodies following antigen encounter.

He demonstrated the importance of somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin V

genes in antibody affinity maturation. In this process, localised

mutation of the immunoglobulin genes allows the production of improved antibodies

which make a major contribution to protective immunity and immunological

memory. Much of his work in recent years was devoted to characterising this

mutational process with a view to understanding its mechanism and, indeed, he

contributed a manuscript for publication on this topic less than a week before

he died. Quite apart from his own achievements, Milstein acted as a guide and

inspiration to many in the antibody field as well as devoting himself to

assisting science and scientists in less developed countries. It is also worth

mentioning, that even though the Nobel Prize would have made him a wealthy man,

Milstein did not patent his enormous discovery since he believed that it was

mankind's intellectual property. According to his beliefs, his work did not

have any economic interest, only scientific.

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RARE "Nobel Prize in Medicine" César Milstein Hand Signed FDC Dated 1964

$499.99