RARE "Microbiologist" Ananda Chakrabarty Hand Written Card Dated 2011 COA For Sale

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RARE "Microbiologist" Ananda Chakrabarty Hand Written Card Dated 2011 COA:
$279.99

Prof. Chakrabarty geneticallyengineered a new species of Pseudomonasbacteria("the oil-eatingbacteria") in 1971 while working for the Research & Development Center at General Electric Companyin Schenectady,New York. At the time, four known species of oil-metabolizing bacteria wereknown to exist, but when introduced into an oilspill, they competed with each other, limiting the amount of crude oilthat they degraded. The genes necessary to degrade oil were carried on plasmids,which could be transferred among species. By irradiating the transformedorganism with UV lightafter plasmid transfer, Prof. Chakrabarty discovered a method for geneticcross-linking that fixed all four plasmid genes in place and produced a new,stable, bacterial species (now called Pseudomonas putida) capable of consumingoil one or two orders of magnitude faster than the previous four strains ofoil-eating microbes. The new microbe, which Chakrabarty called"multiplasmid hydrocarbon-degrading Pseudomonas," could digestabout two-thirds of the hydrocarbons that would be found in a typical oilspill. The bacteria drew international attention when he applied for a patent—thefirst U.S. patent for a genetically modified organism. (U.S.utility patents had been granted to living organisms before, including two purebacterial cultures, patented by Louis Pasteur. Chakrabarty's modified bacteriumwas granted a patent in the U.K. before the U.S. patent came through.) He wasinitially denied the patent by the Patent Office because the patent code wasthought to preclude patents on living organisms. The United StatesCourt of Customs and Patent Appeals overturned the decision inChakrabarty's favor, writing:

RARE "Microbiologist" Ananda Chakrabarty Hand Written Card Dated 2011 COA

$279.99

Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty Microbiologist Rare Signed Autograph FDC

$39.99